January 29/NewsRx Health & Science -- Why does an apple a day keep the doctor away? New research published in the open-access journal BMC Microbiology contributes to the understanding of why eating apples is healthy.

Microbiologists from the National Food Institute at the University of Denmark fed rats a diet rich in whole apples, apple juice, puree or pomace, or put them on a control diet. They then analyzed the microbial content of the rats' digestive systems to see if eating apples had any impact on the numbers of presumed "friendly" bacteria in the gut.

"Certain bacteria are believed to be beneficial for digestive health and may influence the risk for cancer. We faced a well-known problem, though: many types of bacteria cannot be easily cultured in the lab," said research leader professor Tine Rask Licht. The team therefore used genetics instead of culture techniques to examine the microbiology of the intestines. 16S rRNA is a molecule that is only found in bacteria, and its make up is unique to each species or strain. "By working out the sequences of 16S rRNA molecules in the rats' intestines and matching these to known bacterial profiles of 16S rRNA, we could determine which microorganisms were abundant in each group of rats," explained Licht.

So what was the verdict? "In our study, we found that rats eating a diet high in pectin, a component of dietary fiber in apples, had increased amounts of certain bacteria that may improve intestinal health," said co-researcher Andrea Wilcks. "It seems that when apples are eaten regularly and over a prolonged period of time, these bacteria help produce short-chain fatty acids that provide ideal pH conditions for ensuring a beneficial balance of microorganisms. They also produce a chemical called butyrate, which is an important fuel for the cells of the intestinal wall."

From the February 1, 2010, Prepared Foods E-dition